固定小翼颤振激励系统试飞验证

针对一种新研制的带开缝旋转圆筒固定小翼激励系统,对其工作特性和激励力特性进行了试飞验证。试验结果表明,该系统工作特性基本达到了最初的设计指标要求,激励力特性理论计算与实测结果基本吻合,为该系统进一步的应用奠定了基础。     

神经网络在高空长航时无人机翼型多点优化中的应用

NSGAII算法在翼型多点设计中有着广泛的应用价值,然而其巨大的计算资源和计算成本限制了它的使用。为了解决这个问题,本文引入具有较强非线性映射能力的神经网络代理模型,采用实验设计结合BP法训练神经网络响应面来代替N-S方程求解翼型的性能。在实验点的数值模拟中,为了进一步节省计算资源,提高计算效率,采用网格的变形代替网格的重新划分,使得计算网格的更新速度提高了约50%。在翼型的参数化过程中,采用改进的PARSEC方法,用较少的参数实现了翼型的精确控制。为了增强神经网络的泛化能力,采用12-7-4-3-1的隐层结构。对NLF1015翼型的多点优化算例表明,此方法不仅显著降低了整个优化过程的计算量,而且对翼型的气动性能预测也具有较高的可信度,在高空长航时无人机的翼型设计中具有一定的潜力。     

空天体系对抗下未来战斗机发展的一些思考

本文从在未来作战体系中对传统意义上的战斗机有无存在的必要性,未来战斗机的主要作战使命,发展思路,主要特征,使用方式等方面对未来战斗机的特征进行了一些概念性研究和描述。在此基础上,对未来变体战斗机、无人战斗机(UCAV)、未来变体UCAV的关键技术等进行了初步的分析。     

Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.     

滑动蒙皮变后掠无人机非定常气动特性研究

为了探索飞机变形过程中的非定常气动特性及其机理,基于滑动蒙皮变后掠无人机这一可变形飞行器大尺度全局变形研究平台,通过风洞实验对其进行了非定常气动特性研究。结果表明:无人机变后掠过程中非定常气动特性曲线在相应的准定常曲线周围形成滞回环;无人机变后掠速率越快,滞回效应越显著;无人机以约7.5°/s的速率变后掠,会使非定常气动特性数值偏离相应的准定常数值5%以上;变后掠无人机非定常气动特性产生的主要原因可能在于流场结构迟滞和机翼附加速度。     

变形飞机动态气动特性数值模拟研究

根据近年来国内外提出的折叠翼变形飞机方案,设计了一种折叠翼变形飞机的3D数模,利用作者发展的动态混合网格技术和非定常计算方法,对该折叠翼变形飞机机翼折叠和展开过程中的动态气动特性进行了数值模拟,并与准定常计算结果进行了对比分析.计算结果表明:机翼在展开/折叠的过程中,飞机的气动特性会发生剧烈变化,在变形飞行控制率设计时需要引起高度的重视.     

Unsteady flow phenomena associated with leading-edge vortices

This paper presents selected results from extensive experimental investigations on turbulent flow fields and unsteady surface pressures caused by leading-edge vortices, in particular, for vortex breakdown flow. Such turbulent flows may cause severe dynamic aeroelastic problems like wing and/or fin buffeting on fighter-type aircraft. The wind tunnel models used include a generic delta wing as well as a detailed aircraft configuration of canard-delta wing type. The turbulent flow structures are analyzed by root-mean-square and spectral distributions of velocity and pressure fluctuations. Downstream of bursting local maxima of velocity fluctuations occur in a limited radial range around the vortex center. The corresponding spectra exhibit significant peaks indicating that turbulent kinetic energy is channeled into a narrow band. These quasi-periodic velocity oscillations arise from a helical mode instability of the breakdown flow. Due to vortex bursting there is a characteristic increase in surface pressure fluctuations with increasing angle of attack, especially when the burst location moves closer to the apex. The pressure fluctuations also show dominant frequencies corresponding to those of the velocity fluctuations. Using the measured flow field data, scaling parameters are derived for design purposes. It is shown that a frequency parameter based on the local semi-span and the sinus of angle of attack can be used to estimate the frequencies of dynamic loads evoked by vortex bursting.     

变体机翼后缘多学科设计与优化

变体飞机能够改变自身外形适应不同的飞行状态,提高飞行性能,其设计涉及气动、材料、结构等多个学科。本文采用零泊松比蜂窝结构的材料作为柔性蒙皮,设计了一种具备机翼参考面积不因弯度改变而缩减的特点的机翼后缘无缝偏转机构,研究了变体机翼后缘机构多学科设计与优化方法。优化结果表明,优化后的机翼巡航和起降状态都具备良好的气动性能,不但柔性蒙皮可产生大尺度拉伸变形,而且后缘结构均能满足刚度、强度等性能指标,同时机翼结构质量相比初始设计减轻了18%。文中研究的变体机翼多学科优化设计方法,能够快速有效地完成变体机翼无缝偏转后缘优化设计。     

多段柔性变体扑翼飞行器设计

多段柔性变体扑翼模仿海鸥翅膀的复杂运动.观察海鸥翅膀的运动周期,设计了包含慢频率扑动、展向折弯、弦向扭转和结构柔性变形的扑翼模型,并应用准定常方法计算气动力,为该扑翼飞行器设计提供依据.在CATIA和3DMAX中设计多段柔性变体扑翼机的三维模型和运动模拟,制作样机进行飞行试验,研究其平飞、爬升、偏航等飞行姿态,结果表明升力和推力与数值计算结果吻合.相较于原有扑翼飞行器,多段柔性变体扑翼飞行器可以慢频率扑动飞行,调整扑翼形状.      

变体飞行器结构振动特性研究

作为变体飞行器方案之一的折叠翼能使机翼面积发生200%的改变,在飞行中机翼面积发生如此大的变化,会使飞行器的动力学特性复杂化.所以对机翼动力学特性有个清晰的了解是很必要的.在本文中,首先用MSC/PATRAN建立了折叠翼的有限元模型,然后用NASTRAN求解出折叠翼在各折叠角下的主要振动模态.在此基础上对各折叠角下铰链刚度对动力学特性的影响进行了研究.我们发现这种结构上的革新使得机翼动力学特性与固定翼飞机有很大不同.尤其是铰链的存在造成了刚度分布的变化,这使得机翼扭转的动力特性发生了很大变化.